Marketing of the Home Survival Kit Needs and Requirements

Survey results In the survey, 8 customers took part in the survey. 5 of them were males (62.5 %) and 3 of them were females (37.5 %). The majority of respondents belonged to age category under 18-20 (25 %) and 21-29 (50 %). Fewer respondents belonged to older categories, which identified the interest in smart survival kit of various age categories.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing of the Home Survival Kit: Needs and Requirements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also explains that younger target audiences are more in need of technological devices in case of emergency. While considering the question of availability of specific items that can be useful for survival, most of the participants focus on such important objects as eye wash solution (85.7 %), scissors (85.7 %), blankets (100 %), knife (85.7 %), AA and AA Batteries (85.7 %), and duct tape (85.7 %). The survey has also found out that the most of respondents did not have such important things for survival as portable food heater (14.3 %), matches (42.9 %), cordless charger for phones and devices (14.3 %), and antiseptic wipes (28.6 %). It has also been defined that the prioritized items for survival include candles, radio, phone, and presence of other people who can help to survive. With regard to the above-presented results, the responses to the fourth question are logical because half of the respondents were not ready for the emergencies whereas 5 of the participants considered it important to buy Home Survival Kit. As per cost consideration, the recipients almost unanimously insisted on price range between $ 50 and $ 150, which is quite adequate assessment. The survey also highlighted people who were ready to pay more for the survival kit, but the questionnaire did not reveal age and gender information about those respondents. The price considerations can be presented in the chart below: The last question was also consid ered by most of the respondents. While evaluating the importance of qualities and features that the Home Survival Kit should possess, the majority of participants focus on such components as extensive first aid kit, presence of light and heating, storage for water, and portability.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other components and conditions, such as packaging, communication supply and extras and accessories have turned out to be less significant. Statement of Needs The survey has defined the desired features and wants of the customers. The most significant criteria for consumers involve cost-effectiveness of the Home Survival Kit because the respondents agreed to pay approximately $ 50-150 for the product. However, there were participants that agreed to pay about $ 151-250 for the kit, but the age category has not been defined either. As per the priorities established in terms of the product features, the majority of the participants are likely to have portable, extensive first kit that would ensure them with light, heating, and water supply. In this respect, the product should be at a low or moderate price, practical, convenient, and portable. Need Essential or Desirable Rating Functional or Non Functional Moderate Price 6 Non-Functional Extensive Kit 10 Functional Portable, 8 Functional Storage for Water 8 Functional Ensures Light and Heating 8 Functional Requirements Specification Project Overview The Home Survival Kit, or Smart Kit, is designed in regard to the determination of the most essential features and criteria that are urgent for survival and comfortable existence for a long-term period. The product has bee defined for people under all age categories irrespective of their gender characteristics and age. The prototype of the product has been launched and tested to define the functionality for the JAG to produce. Such aspects as tools, substances, time-frame, as well as multiple features have been introduced to meet the needs of large audience. Introduction The development of the product design has implied a number of requirements and criteria that should be taken into the deepest consideration to meet consumer requirements. By estimating the current responses to customer questionnaire and correlating results with the present product concept, it is possible to define what changes should be made to increase the consumer demand. The results can be received through a test plan. Product Concept Product Statement Smart kit includes a portable and waterproof box with four various compartments. The first section contains water pouches that ensure water supply. The second compartment is designated for medical supply and hygienic purposes, including gloves, bandages, wipes, and painkillers. The third section includes flashlight, matches, candles, and blankets.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing of the Home Survival Kit: Needs and Requirements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Finally, the forth section consists of guides and instructions for using the kit appropriately. Each part of the entire product concept does not differ from other concepts existing on the market. Nevertheless, in total, the product has a great number of features and functions that make the product much more competitive that any other products. Use of Product Increased usability of the product ensures the four compartments which have functional values and which increases consumer demands. Because the compartments include the most essentials items, the consumer requirements will surely be met. Besides, the box for storing the items is also portable and convenient. Focus on Customer Needs In order to meet customer needs, the boxes should be portable, comfortable, and waterproof, which ensures their reliability. It also should also conta in water supply, light and heating. Therefore, the presented product concept is justified in terms of portability and presence of the above-mentioned components. In order to meet the requirements, the box should be designed with heating devices as well, which is absent in current prototype. Stakeholders Impact The product is expected to involve the following stakeholders: Customer Active Travelers The smart kit is essential for customers who are fond of travelling for long distances in mountainous districts where there is high risk for being injured or traumatized. Therefore, the survival kit should contain all the above-mentioned items, along with wireless chargers for phones, and GPS devices that would allow them to coordinate their itineraries. In addition, the smart kit will be especially relevant for those travelers who are fond of river trips because the box is waterproof. Although the Smart Kit is more designated for home survival, it can easily be used while travelling.Adver tising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Customers with Limited Abilities There are people are not able to ensure their security because of limited physical abilities. They can use such box for everyday use to avoid contingency situations. They can also apply to this product whenever they want to set out for a journey. All the compartments are easy to use and there is an instruction that makes the box even more comfortable and practical. JAG Corporation The products of the specified kind are abundant at the market and, therefore, launching the Smart Kit can enhance the competition due to its increased functionality. Therefore, the involvement of JAG Corporation can increase the good reputation of the product concept and ensure the consumers that the Smart Kit is of high quality and at a moderate price. Competitors Competitors are important competitors and their marketing strategies should never be underestimated. In this respect, it is important to explore the current market and define what pitfalls and advantages other su rvival kits contain. Constant research can contribute to development and promotion of the Smart Kit. It will also allow to define the wants and needs of the consumer demand. Retailers In case the product is successful at the market, it is possible to expand its functionality and invest more resource into developing a more sophisticated product that can be distributed among major retailers. Therefore, it is highly important to explore the potential of retail market for wholesalers to define the consumer demand and distribute the product accordingly. Environmental Groups Due to the recent globalization trends, the producers should be aware of environmental and ecological issues and, therefore, it is crucial to market environmentally friendly products. For instance, the boxes should be made of the natural components so as to minimize the negative effect on the environment. In this respect, specific attention should be given to respectable environmental organization that could approve t he product launching and enhance the reputable image of the product concept. Product Requirements Functional The Smart Kit should be portable and comfortable. It should also be waterproof. The product should contain the compartment for first aid. It should have convenient packaging so that a user can quickly find the necessary item. The Smart Kit should also have compartments for water supply, light, and heating. Non-functional The component of the Smart Kit should not be expensive, but of decent quality; It should be composed of natural materials; The medicine should not provoke allergic reactions; Test Plan Requirement Test Plan Result Resistance to water Test 1 The Smart Kit was submerged in a vacuum filled with water for 1 hour. All the items were put in compartments. Pass: All the items placed within the Smart Kit remained undamaged. No water was found inside the box. Analysis of security and reliability Test 2 The product is place on the upper part of the co nstruction that is 3 meters high to define how the items in the box will be deformed in case the box will fall down from this construction. Pass: After the box fell down, all the items remain undamaged. Therefore, the Smart Survival Kit will stay unchanged even in case of the earthquake. Checking the device for the usability Test 3: The participant of the experiment should read the instruction and put all the enumerated items out of the box to define how much it will take him to find the items that are most appropriate for a situation. Pass: It took the participant for 5 minutes to put all the necessary items and define which one is the most appropriate for a particular situation. This proves that the instructions are clear and accurate. Conclusion With regard to the survey exploring consumer opinion, assessment of product requirements and result of the test plan, the Smart Survival Kit will be of great success on retail market due to the increased functionality and success ful price policy. This essay on Marketing of the Home Survival Kit: Needs and Requirements was written and submitted by user Kathleen V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

John Stuart Mills liberty principle Essays

John Stuart Mills liberty principle Essays John Stuart Mills liberty principle Paper John Stuart Mills liberty principle Paper Essay Topic: Law On Liberty In order to critically examine this particular principle and its influence, it is necessary to look at the background of the principle so that it can be studied in context. John Stuart Mill developed the liberty principle in his work On Liberty (1). Mills definition of liberty is pursuing our own good in our own way and he believed it to be one of the most important elements of well-being. Mills conviction was that it was better that a man choose to live his life the wrong way than be made to live the right way. Mill was influenced by Alexis de Tocqueville, whose work, Democracy in America (2) opened Mills eyes to how democracy exposed liberty to new dangers. The driving force of democracy is the will of the majority and Mill was concerned that this left every aspect of life exposed to social scrutiny and regulation, and he feared the tyranny of the majority (3). He felt that democracy, if left unrestrained, could pose a threat to the minority and individual autonomy. The two great values of democracy; majority rule and minority liberty are often incompatible and Mill was one of the first to investigate this unresolved area in his essay On Liberty. On Liberty concerned the nature and limits of power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual (4), he sought to distinguish the destructive oppression of minority views from the legitimate exercise of democratic power. Mills motivation was to seek an additional principle that would not leave matters to custom or popular morality. A principle that could define the areas in which it would be legitimate for society (or the will of the majority) to exercise authority, from those areas where people should have freedom (5). Mill hoped that On Liberty would offer potential guidelines for legislation and encourage a more tolerant culture. There are two main principles in the essay, the first being the liberty principle (or harm principle) outlined in the question. The principle advocates that the interference of liberty is only warranted where it is necessary in order to prevent harm to others. Mill qualifies the principle by saying it is only applicable to human beings in the maturity of their faculties, therefore excluding children or those who require care from others (6), and mentions that omissions to act having consequential harm may also be an exception. In On Liberty Mill raised his own concerns about the principles adequacy before offering his second principle. The reason for questioning his own ideal is to open the area up for discussion, to attain the readers understanding of the problem and engage her critical attention. He is not seeking to assert the infallible truth of this doctrine. The liberty principle is blunt in delivering its message but Mill feels the two objections he raised attacking its plausibility will not affect the second principle. His first objection was how can any action be purely self-regarding? Mill recognises the assumption that most, if not all of our actions will affect the interests of another. Mill accepted there is a right of society to ward off crimes by antecedent precautions, which runs contrary to liberty principle. He gave the example of drunkenness being justifiably prohibited where the person has a history of harming others when drunk (7), believing that the danger of harm would outweigh the individuals right to drink alcohol. The second objection to his principle was that society may have an obligation to intervene to prevent a person from self harm. Mill believed that government interference with the individual for paternalist reasons was indefensible, believing it can never be in the interests of the individual to suppress the exercise and development of her own abilities of critical choice, but realised that others may raise this objection. Mills second principle states that a person need only be subject to the will of the majority to prevent the violation of a distinct and assignable obligation to any other person or persons. A distinct and assignable obligation is a distinct expectation which another is obligated to honour. Not actions are caught under obligation and not all obligations are distinct and assignable, the types of harm Mill suggested warrant protection are those that violate our rights. Mills second principle is essentially a qualification of the first principle and a criterion to define actions that should be regulated and those which should not. What were Mills influences and how did his ideas develop? John Stuart Mill was the son of James Mill who was a disciple of John Bentham (8) and a believer of the mind being a tabula rasa (9) on which every experience is recorded. James Mill began his sons education at home with this new psychology in mind, and the experimental education consequentially led to his sons breakdown at the age of 21. During this period Mill developed his own take on the positivist (10) utilitarianism that had been drummed into him during his education. The principle of utility was a driving force behind Mills education. The utility principle is to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Benthams chief interest was of its application to law reform and the prison service, James Mill applied it to politics and John Stuart Mill then actively reconstructed the principle to argue that the government should actively promote the general good. Mill derived the liberty principle from utilitarianism, and propounded the importance of the individuals self-determination and personal development. Bentham formulated the principle of utility in Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (11). Despite viewing law and morality as separate issues he postulated that actions are to be judged morally right or wrong in accordance with whether they maximise pleasure or minimise the pain caused to those affected. Its performance must be more productive of pleasure or happiness, or more preventive of pain or unhappiness, than any possible alternative (12). Mill was an ardent supporter of Benthams utility principle but differed in that his approach was qualitative and not quantitative, because he was more concerned with the value of an outcome rather than the size of its effect. Mill did not think all pleasures were of equal value. Mills suspicion of collective mediocrity led him to suggest safeguards to ensure that the government and legislature did not become the organ of the tendencies and instincts of the masses. He advocated an enlightened and educated populace and plural voting for the educated (13). One of Mills significant influences was his partner and wife Harriet Taylor his partnership with her prompted him to advocate equal rights between men and women. (14). On Liberty had an affect in the debate that occurred between Patrick Devlin and HLA Hart. Professor HLA Hart supported Mills Liberty principle and used Mills thought in his argument with Lord Patrick Devlin. The debate began with the Wolfendon Report 1957 on homosexual offences prostitution. The report reverberates Mill where it says there must be a realm of private morality and immorality which is, in brief and crude terms, not the laws business (15) but also that the function of criminal law is to preserve public order and decency, to protect the citizen from what is offensive and injurious (16). Devlin rejected this idea and in The Enforcement of Morality (17) argued that an established morality is as necessary as good government to the welfare of society. He said that society should be allowed to prohibit anything which the right-minded or reasonable man regards as grossly immoral and that it was not necessary to prove something caused harm in order to do this. (18). He argued that society will disintegrate from within where there is no common morality, even more than it would crumble from external pressures, therefore society would be justified in taking steps to preserve the common morality in the same way as it does to protect its government. He asserted that legal enforcement of morals need only be used in certain cases since a citizen cannot surrender his whole life to societys scrutiny (19). Harts counter argument was in Law, Liberty Morality (20) where he stated that there was no evidenced to show that deviation from accepted sexual morality. is something which, like treason threatens the existence of society. Hart denied that the weakening of common morality will lead to societys downfall but does suggest that society may need certain basic rules to survive (21). He urged Devlin to consider the dangers of populism, and that the risk in democracy that the majority dictate how we live, should not be maximised. Hart postulated that restraint of immorality was not best achieved by a fear of legal sanction and warned that the enforcement of a moral code contradicts the spirit of moral value. Mills liberty principle has been followed in many subsequent works including that of Immanuel Kant (22) who arrives at a similar conclusion, and Jeffrie G Murphy in Another look at Legal Moralism (23) who argues that areas of private immorality (by consenting adults) should not be criminalised because there are no victims. James Fitzjames Stephen (24) criticised the liberty principle in the two areas Mill criticised the principle himself. Fitzjames Stephen believed that there are no self-regarding actions; every persons action affects another. He also argued the paternalist point, that society has right to interfere to protect the individual. I dont believe Mill intended the principle to be viewed as an infallible model and indeed took stock of these criticisms himself when writing On Liberty. Fitzjames Stephen also thought that the majority of men were weak and ill educated therefore sanctions were necessary in order to uphold morality. He berated the liberty principle as too crude in not taking into account the complexities of human relationships. It has been said that Mill has been misinterpreted and the ambiguity of some of the words used in On Liberty exasperate the problem. Mill did not define the word harm which could have the effect of two extremely different interpretations. What is to count as harming others? John Gray believes that harm is meant to mean injury to interests, and feels that the vital human interests that Mill had in mind were security and autonomy. The word interests is also undefined, where Mill says the individual is to be accountable only for those actions which are prejudicial in the interests of others, the exact scope of this statement has been the subject of much debate. John Reess interpretation of the liberty principle was that the interests of others must be affected injuriously in order for society to intervene. The liberty principle is often viewed as being vague and undefined (25). Critics have accused Mill of having an anti-democratic fear of popular government, in particular the potential for working-class opinion to be oppressive and perhaps violent, but it appears Mill was more concerned with middle-class conformity. The fear took root after reading Alexis de Tocqueville Democracy in America (2) America was a middle-class society, and Mill feared that it was also a society that did not care for individual liberty. Some critics like Isaiah Berlin (26) and Gertrude Himmelfarb have stated that due to Mills strict and unorthodox upbringing, and the imposition of classical utilitarianism upon him, he was unable to unshackle these chains of influence, which meant he remained inconsistent and with no coherent doctrine amongst his works. Himmelfarbs view was that there is no logical connection between the philosophy of utilitarianism and the liberty principle because the principle of utility justifies the sacrifice of an individuals liberty in order to maximise potential happiness for the greater good of society. Berlin put forward the same criticism of Mills mind being divided as individual liberty has only instrumental value in utility and cannot have priority over general welfare whereas in On Liberty, Mill states that individual freedom has intrinsic value regardless of its contribution to the general welfare. However Mill never felt torn between the competing principles in his own mind, but there are many examples of where the two may collide. An example being the prevention of heroin addiction; utilitarianism appears to encourage this kind of interference that the principle of liberty seeks to extinguish. Others have also felt that the two ideas do not equate with each other (27). Today with the development of modern technology and forensic science we are subject to all kinds of interference with our freedom in terms of the confidential information stored and analysed without the individuals consent. New types of surveillance and control are made possible by combining databases and by new technological advances. This information creates ever new sources of power and ever new possibilities of control in the post modern age (28). Balkin questions if this is a new form of totalitarianism, a prison constructed from access to information. Mill believed individualism should be regarded as having intrinsic worth, and is essential to happiness, and our right to privacy is part of our individualism and autonomy. Now our computer usage can be monitored, mobile phone records tapped into, our DNA can be taken and analysed without our consent (29), CCTV cameras monitor us (30), intimate details of multiple aspects of our lives are all stored and used to some degree and currently a database is being set up to store details of children and their families (31). The introduction of ID cards (32) will mean further intrusion and its functions will no doubt multiply ultimately changing the relationship between the individual and the state. Mill believed it was imperative that human beings should be free to form opinions and to express their opinions without reserve, but laws surrounding our right to protest have impinged on our freedom of speech and right to protest (33). The Terrorism Act in its ambiguity poses possibilities for abuse and can be used to quash ordinary political activity (34). The introduction of the Anti-Social Behaviour Order has led to much concern about its abuse by the state and its impingement on our liberties (35). ASBOs can be used as a tool for the government to appear as though they are being tough on crime whereas what they are actually doing is diminishing our rights and freedoms. The strange thing is that the majority of people seem unconcerned about this intrusion and have accepted it as part of the life we now live. People look at it as necessary for the prevention of crime; to prevent terrorism (the Terrorism Act), to prevent fraud (ID cards), to prevent anti-social behaviour (Asbos), and to prevent offence (Public Protest). Mill saw autonomy as a vital human interest, an essential part of the permanent interests of man as a progressive being. The Enlightenment sought to eradicate unthinking tradition and religious bigotry (28) and to understand and analyse society in terms of science and reason, and now because of technological advancements, we have arrived at a whole new set of restraints on our freedom.

Chinese, Japanese, and Korean environmental activists use of Essay - 21

Chinese, Japanese, and Korean environmental activists use of Borderless Media - Essay Example From this study it is clear that the only information that is availed to the public in one way or the other is usually presented in scientific jargon as well as in technical reports aimed at making the environmental information incomprehensible to the media fraternity thus gagging their ability to spread the information throughout the public domain. A good as well as a practical example is indicated by the fact that the appraisal report, the evaluation report and the impact-assessment report of big projects like dams are normally treated by the national government as confidential and the same case applies to international loaning agencies that are funding these projects. According to the paper there are numerous unfolding difficulties that are faced by the activists and the media fraternity in their efforts to inform the public on issues facing the environment. These however does not deter the Asian environmental activists as well as the Asian group in stepping up their efforts of in forming the public on matters that are environmentally sensitive and which affect government decisions. According to Redclift, as the years go by the environmental issues are in one way or the other considered to be non-sensitive issues. This has changed the whole of reporting scenery of these issues as they are reported regularly thereby making them to be obvious. The Chinese local newspaper in particular has been under intense pressure from the government to refrain from critically reporting on issues that pertain to the environment.

Why Change Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why Change - Article Example uct adaptation refers to process through which a manufacturer makes changes to improve an existing product and make it more appealing to a target market usually in new markets (Byrne, 2010). Products are a result of the underlying socio-cultural phenomenon of a given society. Society’s perception of what the product is and what bundles of benefits it provides according to prevailing socio-cultural needs is the fundamental basis for product differentiation (adaptation). The adjustments in a product’s main components are made in accordance to the particular target market needs and consumption behavior. Research on consuming trends and preferences as well as product class in the market can provide useful insights on how to modify all or some main components of an existing product (Cooper & Edgett, 2009). America’s fast food franchise McDonald’s entry into the Indian market in 1996 is a classic case of how product adaptability can be used to enter international markets that are culturally different. Other fast food chains had largely ignored the Indian market before 1990 and those that did ignored the cultural differences eventually leading to their collapse and withdrawal from the market. There is a highly fragmented food market in India characterized by millions of roadside stalls and carts. This represents a large ‘eating out’ culture. However, the market is also significantly influenced by high pressure groups mainly comprising health and animal welfare activists. McDonald’s strategy included the exclusion of pork and beef items from its menu considering that 40% of Indians are vegetarians. An alternative vegetable, fish and chicken menu was adopted. The menus therefore were color-coded into green for vegetarians and purple for non-vegetarians. The Maharaja Mac replaced the famous ‘big mac’; chicken patty replaced beef and introduction of spicy menus with less garlic in its sauce. This strategy reflected a much higher degree of adaptability

Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Assignment - Case Study Example already established is growing as the rate of competition goes high with the example of Mini-mills taking over and setting a price war in the industry. There is also an increase of foreign companies taking the market shares. The third force is the bargaining power that suppliers have. The suppliers are decreasing due to bankruptcy thus; the number of suppliers is low. Few suppliers makes the services that the industry offers to be the same and not unique in any way (Steel Industry Profile, 2013). The fourth force is the buyer’s bargaining power and the number of customers is high. When the number of customers is high then the supply price becomes sensitive. The costs that customers have to go through to switch to a differential product are relatively low. The fifth force is a threat to the substitutes where the prices of switching to substitutes is high and thus the companies must adjust their prices so that they are able to compete with plastics, composites, and aluminum which are

ASBO Order for Environmental Health Legislation

ASBO Order for Environmental Health Legislation Write a cabinet paper on the potential for ASBOs to contribute to the effective enforcement of legislation enforced by environmental health departments. The following are the arguments in favour of ASBO’s contributing or having the potential to contribute to the effective enforcement of the legislation carried out by environmental health departments across the country. The Prime Minister has already expressed in public his determination to reduce and eliminate anti-social behaviour and allow the general public to feel safer and have the problems associated with anti-social behaviour reduced. ASBO’s have already proved that they have potential in making Britain a cleaner and safer place to live in. Between their introduction from 1 April 1999 and the 31 March 2004, 2455 ASBO’s were approved and enforced showing the determination of the police, environmental health departments and social services amongst others to reducing the problems associated with anti-social behaviour.[1] ASBO’s are an alternative sanction available to both environmental health departments and ultimately the police to ensure that legislation is enforced and public order is maintained. Environmental health departments have to meet requirements such as reducing the level of graffiti, vandalism and litter or tackling noise nuisance, all of which can be considered anti-social behaviour and can lead to the involvement of the police and the courts. Such behaviour either directly effects law abiding people, intimidates them or blights their lives with fear. ASBO’s have the potential and the intention of protecting the property, the environment and the personal safety of the majority of law-abiding people. They are intended to remove the anti-social behaviour carried out by the law breaking minorities that ruin the lives of the most vulnerable and cause social, economic and environmental damage to local communities.[2] Tackling anti-social behaviour through the use of ASBO’s has the potential to make people feel safer as well as improving the physical environment they live in. The work of environmental health departments is closely linked with not only the police but also social services and local education authorities as there are strong connections between truancy and youths being involved in anti-social behaviour and crime. Close co-operation between these agencies increases the potential of ASBO’s to decrease crime, people’s fear of crime whilst making Britain a better place to live in. This government should take pride in been able to reduce people’s fear of being the victims of crime. The British crime survey has shown a fall from 40% in 1995 to 26% in 2004 of people expecting to be the victims of crime and anti-social behaviour or believing that they faced such a risk. If ASBO’s allow environmental health departments and other agencies to reduce the amount of graffiti and vandalism visible and counter the presence of gangs that fear of crime should diminish further as should the risk.[3] ASBO’s offer the potential to break up the gangs that break the law through acts of vandalism, graffiti and other forms of anti-social behaviour by banning individuals from the estates or areas they cause damage in. Breaking up gangs would mean that environmental health departments could deal with individuals rather than more intimidating gangs. ASBO’s can allow agencies such as environmental health departments and the police to control, punish or rehabilitate minor offenders whilst avoiding imprisonment were possible. However ASBO’s it should be stressed are not a soft option and the breaking of their conditions should result in further appropriate action been taken to curb anti-social behaviour including ultimately imprisonment.[4] Through the use of ASBO’s environment health departments have the potential to tackle persistent offenders without spending so much time preparing prosecutions whilst still being to prosecute people that breach their ASBO’s. While any ASBO is still in operation the onus remains on environmental health departments, social services and the police to monitor the behaviour of those subject to ASBO’s. ASBO’s can be used as part of the government’s crime reduction targets. [5] Central government can offer incentives for local authorities to tackle anti-social behaviour and has already allocated extra resources to the areas worst affected by anti-social behaviour. The success of environmental health departments in tackling anti-social behaviour will be measured with little extra cost through the Comprehensive Performance Assessment process already carried out by the Audit Commission that monitors local authorities provision of services. The public will be able to find out which local authorities are the most effective and will be able to press the less effective councils into taking further action.[6] ASBO’s potentially allow environmental health departments to fulfil their legislative obligations by diffusing and stopping anti-social behaviour more efficiently and with greater speed. The removal of persistent offenders or gang ringleaders will show the determination and effectiveness of environmental health department to enforce the law properly and completely. ASBO’s have the potential to reduce anti-social behaviour whilst the involvement of environmental health departments and other agencies could allow the police to switch their resources to tackling more serious crimes. Anti-social behaviour may not always be considered to be major crime yet it can lead to it hence the importance of ASBO’s in reducing the problem. Reducing anti-social behaviour will not only enhance the public’s quality of life it would prove cost effective in terms of lower expenditure in cleaning up graffiti and property damage as well as fewer people in overcrowded prisons.[7] The availability of ASBO’s offers the potential for environmental health departments to clean up areas of environmental damage or anti-social behaviour that impacts on the environment such as noise pollution, juvenile crime and vandalism. Other areas in which ASB0’s have the potential to allow environmental health departments fulfil their statuary requirements include countering anti-social behaviour caused by drinking and to a lesser extent begging in public. There are certainly strong links between heavy drinking (and drug taking) with anti-social or criminal behaviour.[8] Some crimes such as burglary, car crime and robbery have fallen significantly in 2004-05 by 20%, 17% and 12% respectively. However the potential of ASBO’s to work effectively for environmental health departments, the police and other agencies would increase with measures against binge drinking. Binge drinking is directly connected to most violent crime and anti-social behaviour. ASBO’s are part of the solution to environmental health departments meeting their statutory requirements yet will work best in combination with other strategies and through co-operation with other agencies.[9] Bibliography Coxall B, Robins L Leach R (2003) Contemporary British Politics 4th edition, Palgrave, London Dodd T, Nicholas S, Povey D and Walker A (2004) Home Office Statistical Bulletin, Crime in England and Wales 2003/04, Crown Copyright, London Home Office (2005) The Government Reply to the Fifth Report from the Home Affairs Committee Session 2004/05 HC80 Anti-Social behaviour, Crown Copyright, London Jones M and Lowe R (2002) From Beveridge to Blair – The first fifty years of Britain’s Welfare State 1948-98, Manchester University Press Manchester and New York. Slack, R ‘Drunken yobs blamed for record violent crimes, Daily Mail 21st July 2005 www.homeoffice.gov.uk Crime Policing / Anti-Social Behaviour Orders Legally Binding Undertaking I (Barry Vale) undertake that in line with my contractual obligations this work is completely original, and has not been copied from any website or any other source, either in whole or in part. By submitting this work I understand that if my work is found to be plagiarised I will not only forfeit my fee but also be subject to legal proceedings in order to recover damages for loss of profit and damage to business reputation. Moreover, I understand that I may be subject to legal proceedings from any third parties, such as the end clients and copyright holders of the original work who may have had their rights infringed or suffered loss as a result of my actions. I also understand that in addition I will be liable to a  £100/$200 administration charge and that I may be liable for legal costs. I understand that this e-mail and the work I am submitting may be used as evidence against me if I breach this undertaking. Please take this to constitute my electronic signature (Barry Vale) [1] www.homeoffice.gov.uk [2] Home Office (2005) p.3 [3] Dodd, Nicholas, Povey Walker (2004) p. 18 [4] Home Office (2005) p. 6 [5] Coxall, Robins Leach, (2003), p.275 [6] Home Office (2005) p.1 [7] Coxall, Robins Leach (2003) p. 276 [8] Jones and Lowe (2002) p. 189 [9] Slack, Daily Mail 21st July 2005

Women Must Unite to End War :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

War, war machines, jihad. These words have entered the vocabulary of everyday practice during the past twenty years. They mark a new stage in the discourse of Empire, what Hardt and Negri call a global project of network power, that knits the world together in a dynamic fabric of exchange, flows but also of conflict. 9-11 was a catastrophic example of the ways in which the threads in this fabric tighten and break. American citizens felt for the first time how the apparently innocent business of moneymaking in New York City and of policymaking in Washington DC are seen as criminal elsewhere. The daily deals struck in the financial and military-political capitals of the U.S. have direct and mostly negative consequences for most of the rest of the world. These consequences are invisible to the average American citizen, they are searingly obvious elsewhere. 9-11 has a long history going back through the Gulf War to the establishment of Israel in 1948. It is a history that spans the length of the Cold War and is witness to the growing suspicion and fear of U.S. policies in the region. Indeed, the last great battle of the Cold War took place in a dry dusty landlocked backwater called Afghanistan. Having been chosen for this showdown between the two superpowers placed Afghanistan squarely on the stage of world history. It is hard to know who got there first, to find the origins of the last great battle of the cold war. One version, which I find compelling, has it that when, on December 24, 1979, the Soviets invaded and took over rule of the country with the help of Afghan tribesmen in the north, they were not venturing into virgin territory. Six months earlier, President Carter had signed the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul. Zbigniew Brzezinski claims in a Jan. 15-21, 1998 interview for the French "Le Nouvel Observateur" that the U.S. government "didn't push the Russians to intervene, but we knowingly increased the probability that they would." The CIA recruited Afghan tribesmen separated from their birthplaces by war and displaced into dehumanizing refugee camps where religious education provided their only anchor. The U.S. government armed these men with guns and capitalist ideology and they won. The U.S. declared the Soviets defeated, the cold war over, and their warriors were left to fend for themselves.

International Business in Emerging Markets Essay

The global exchange of capital, goods and services also referred to as national trade is the pre-dominant part of all economies. Advancement in time of transportation, transnational corporations, globalization and outsourcing practices have led to the growth and importance of international trade (Anderson et al, 1993). This importance accrues from the amount of revenue this trade generates. The importance of this trade is apparent in the amount of money, time, human and other resources that go into the planning of global trade affairs (Bhagwati, 1992). Entire ministries and budgets are dedicated to prepare transnational trade efforts. Memberships to regional trade bodies such as the European Union receive higher priority than political alliances while negotiation of trade treaties takes more of the leadership’s time (Dixit et al, 1980). In addition to political envoys, governments have trade consuls in other nations (Mattli, 1999). It is thus alarming for a country to realize that her international trade position is not attaining the targets that would indicate prosperity. The UK is one of such whereby her deficit in goods and services has risen from 2. 2 to 3. 5 billion pounds between august and September 2009. The deficit with European Union countries widened in the same period. while that with non European countries replicated the downward trend. It is also reported that except for Oil and erratic commodities, the volume of exports in September was 0. 2 percent lower than the previous months with imports being higher by 4. 1 percent (ONS, 2009). This indicates an alarming trend which the concerned departments need to look into. Perhaps the downturn is due to external factors that might be within reach or not. However trade policy needs to be reviewed to check this spiral. This is especially to deal with identification of new global markets that can be used to add to the export tally thereby reducing the deficit. A look at theories of trade can assist in identifying new markets and potential angles that can be exploited to correct the adverse situation. International Trade Theories There are two broad themes in theories of international trade. The qualitative theories explain a country’s trade patterns, that is which products are traded and why. Instances are absolute advantage and comparative advantage. There are also quantitative theories that explain the terms of trade for instance relative prices of exports and imports in the trading activities. Changes in data such as factor supplies, technology, trade policy and global trends also come in as quantitative themes. More importantly in these quantitative analyses, there is consistent use of the general equilibrium (Dixit et al, 1980). The Mercantilist Theory. This is a qualitative theme in international trade. It postulates that while exporting is good for a country, importing is to be avoided. This rationale is based on the assumption of fact that revenue from exports is in gold standard currency. Thus accumulation of sufficient gold reserves can only be achieved through high rates of export. Mercantilism argued for close government regulation for two reasons: to maintain a favourable balance of trade thereby advancing aggressive export with restrictive import policies; and to promote the processing of raw materials at home instead of importing manufactured goods, which would distort production and employment at home. This is a classical theory that ignores not only the benefits of importing but also the reality that no country is self sufficient thus a need to import is inherent. An example of application is the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs where Canadian traders have been informed that the Embassy’s mandate is to help exporters and non-disclosure of import relevant information. Absolute Advantage. Smith’s Theory of Absolute Advantage stated that countries should concentrate on producing what they are best at; that is products that they have absolute advantage in, Incentive to trade among countries is therefore created since each specializes in one product. Also as a classical theory, it is applicability is scant. In summary Smith’s theory stated that unilateral trade liberalisation would be an advantageous policy for a country to follow, irrespective of the trade policies pursued by other countries. A drawback in Smith’s postulation is if a nation has no absolute advantage over any of her potential trading partners with respect to any goods or services, then it means international trade is of no relevance to her (Dixit et al, 1980). Comparative Advantage Comparative advantage as developed by David Ricardo in his book, ‘The Principles of Political Economy’, is an improvement of the Absolute advantage theory. It declares that countries can trade without absolute advantage. They need comparative advantage where the relative cost of producing and exporting a product varies between trade partners. There are still benefits even if one trading partner is absolutely better in production. Comparative advantage has been the prevailing applied concept. It indicates that if two countries engage in trade, each will have the incentive to increase production, and decrease consumption, of goods in which it has the lower relative marginal cost prior to trade than the others. For instance if Britain has competitive equilibrium prices of 300 pounds per TV set and 4 pounds per bottle of whisky, while Japan has corresponding prices of 100000 and 2000 yen respectively, then ceteris peribus, if Britain produces one TV less then she would be able to utilise the freed resources to produce another 75 bottles of whisky. Japan on the other hand is able to produce one more TV set by freeing redeploying resources used to produce 50 bottles of whisky. It is to their mutual interest to do so since the pre-trade, relative price of a TV set is 50 bottles of whisky in Japan and 75 similar bottles in Britain. This is an inducement to Japan to expand TV production for export to Britain and import whisky from her. Presumably the relative price after commencement of trade will settle at between 50 and 75. The Ricardian Model assumes technology variations between nations. The assumptions in summary are: labor is the sole primary factor of production; Labor has constant returns; there is limited labor in respective economies; Mobility of labor across industries rather than countries; perfect competition situation. This theory has in modern times been reviewed to include intermediate goods, that is, capital goods for instance machinery thereby adjusting the labor only notion. These intermediate goods are tradable across countries in the current global situation (Dixit et al, 1980). Factors Endowment. Ricardo’s Comparative advantage theory was modified by Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem, also the Factor Proportions Hypothesis. Here a country should export products that are produced using factors that it is relatively well bestowed with. This is a separate theory but it also gives an explanation on the underlying factors as to comparative advantage. In each country, the factor that is relatively abundant is relatively cheaper. Also the good that is relatively intensive in using this factor this is relatively cheaper. Thus a country is expected to have comparative advantage in products that are intensive in the use of factors that are relatively abundant in supply. The H-O model assumed: inter sector factor mobility; distinction between labour and capital intensive; Factor variation between countries; free trade; and trans-country technology homogeneity. It however does not incorporate trade in intermediate goods. It was later challenged by the work of Wasilly Leontief who discovered that The US exported less capital intensive than it imported labour intensive products, also the Leontief’s paradox (Trebilcock et al, 2005). Contemporary Theories These include: the specific factors theory where in the short run mobility between industries in labor is possible and not possible in capital. It resembles a short run H-O model. If there is an increase in the price of a product then the owners of the factor specific to that product will profit in real terms; the new trade theory seeks to cater for the fact deficiencies of the two main approaches. That a lot of trade occurs between countries with identical factor of production endowment and the high level of multinational production, or foreign investment; the Gravity model that proffers an empirical analysis of international trade trends rather than the theoretical approaches detailed. It projects trade patterns on the basis of the distance between the nations and their economic size interaction. It imitates the law of gravity that factors distance and size. It considers factors such as levels of income, diplomatic ties and respective trade policy (Trebilcock et al, 2005). Emerging markets are nations described to be undergoing rapid growth and industrialisation in social and business activity. The concerned nations are usually said to be in a transition to fully developed status. Data on these countries has been compiled and a list of the top economics proffered. Examples of the dominant emerging economies are Brazil, Russia, India and China. They have been given the acronym, BRIC. Included are: Latin American countries such as Argentina; Asian countries such as South Korea; Russia in Eastern Europe; some in the Middle East; and parts of Africa for Instance South Africa. Lately though there have been shifts for instance Mexico has edged into the top four in terms of investment and development pushing ahead of Brazil. However China and India still dominate the list as the emerging markets with the best opportunities. As a factor of their GDP, population size, growth potential and level of imports (World Bank, 2000). These markets are characterised by robust economic growth, resulting in a rise in GDP and disposable income. Political and social stability is also an important indicator and condition for this categorisation. This implies that the population is able to purchase previously un-affordable goods and services . However quite a part of these countries’ population remain poor. International companies are presented with a large untapped market, providing them with an opportunity for market and financial growth. Luxury products such as high-end automobiles, designer clothing, and other Veblen goods benefit from such; but it is every day luxuries such as cell phones and brand name food products that reap the most from these markets.

Free Essays on Tupac

Tupac Shakur (2Pac) Tupac Shakur was born in Brooklyn, NY in 1971. Early in his life, he moved to Baltimore, ND, where he attended The Baltimore School, Tupac led a lasting impression on his teachers and was showing tremendous potential. Unfortunately, Tupac was unable to continue his training. He moved to Oakland, California with the rest of his family. That’s when Tupac began hanging with the wrong crowd. Tupac later got into the rap and acting business, he was dedicated to both rap/hiphop and acting. Tupac was very real, whatever was on his mind he said it in his lyrics. Not held back by his lack of formal education, Tupac joined the Rap group Digital Underground as a dancer. Not long before the group achieved award-winning success, Tupac released his own album â€Å"2pacalypse now†, which was also a success. The hit single â€Å"Brenda’s Got A Baby† launched Tupac’s career like a rocket. His stunning talent also hot him a role in the motion picture â€Å"Juiceâ₠¬ . Tupac eventually released a second album â€Å"Strictly for my Niggaz,† which was an even bigger success. The highlight of Tupac’s acting career came when he appeared in â€Å"Poetic Juice† besides Janet Jackson. The role Jackson 2 made Tupac a household name and showed the world that music may not be Tupac’s number one thing. In the midst of a role in the movie â€Å"Above the Rim† and a Platinum album â€Å"Me against the world,† Tupac’s rising career was snagged. A woman he met at a nightclub brought him up on sexual assault charges. Hours before Tupac would be found guilty, men whose intent and purpose is still uncertain robbed Tupac at gunpoint. Tupac was eventually released at over $1 Million in bail. After his release, Tupac answered his critics by releasing his best album, â€Å"All eyes on me.† â€Å"All eyes on me† has currently sold around 6 Million copies, which is revolutionary for a double cd. Especially in Hip Hop music. As the album climbed the charts, ... Free Essays on Tupac Free Essays on Tupac 1971 - 1996 Tupac Amaru Shakur DOB: June 16, 1971 - Brooklyn, NY DOD: September 13, 1996 - Las Vegas, NV Height: 5'10 Weight: 168 Mother: Afeni Shakur Father: William Garland Step Father: Jeral Wayne Williams AKA Mutula Shakur Half Sister: Sekyiwa Shakur Half Brother: Maurice Harding (Mopreme of Thug Life) Godfather: Elmer "Geronimo" Pratt Music Groups: One Nation Emcees, Two From The Crew, Strictly Dope, Digital Underground, Thug Life, Outlaw Immortalz/Outlawz Aliases: MC New York, 2Pac, Makaveli (the don) Marital Status: Divorced (Keisha Morris) & Engaged (Kidida Jones) Tupac Shakur was born Lesane Parish Crooks in Brooklyn, NY in 1971. While still a small child, his mother changed his name to Tupac Amaru after an Inca Indian revolutionary, "Tupac Amaru", meaning "Shining Serpent". "Shakur" means "Thankful To God" in Arabic. From childhood, everyone called him the "Black Prince." Formisbehaving, he had to read an entire edition of The New York Times. When he was two, his sister, Sekyiwa, was born. This child's father, Mutulu, was a BlackPanther who, a few months before her birth, had been sentenced to sixty years for a fatal armored car robbery. With Mutulu away, the family experienced hard times. No matter where they moved-the Bronx, Harlem, homeless shelters- Tupac was distressed. "I remember crying all the time. My major thing growing up was I couldn't fit in. Because I was from everywhere. I didn't have no buddies that I grew up with." By the age of twelve, Tupac had discovered his loves for acting, writing love songs and poetry. As a young teen, his family moved to Baltimore , MD, where he attended The Baltimore School for the Performing Arts studying acting and ballet. At this school, Tupac left a lasting impression on his teachers and was showing tremendous potential. Unfortunately, Tupac was unable to continue his training. He moved to Oakland, California with the rest of his family. T... Free Essays on Tupac Tupac Shakur (2Pac) Tupac Shakur was born in Brooklyn, NY in 1971. Early in his life, he moved to Baltimore, ND, where he attended The Baltimore School, Tupac led a lasting impression on his teachers and was showing tremendous potential. Unfortunately, Tupac was unable to continue his training. He moved to Oakland, California with the rest of his family. That’s when Tupac began hanging with the wrong crowd. Tupac later got into the rap and acting business, he was dedicated to both rap/hiphop and acting. Tupac was very real, whatever was on his mind he said it in his lyrics. Not held back by his lack of formal education, Tupac joined the Rap group Digital Underground as a dancer. Not long before the group achieved award-winning success, Tupac released his own album â€Å"2pacalypse now†, which was also a success. The hit single â€Å"Brenda’s Got A Baby† launched Tupac’s career like a rocket. His stunning talent also hot him a role in the motion picture â€Å"Juiceâ₠¬ . Tupac eventually released a second album â€Å"Strictly for my Niggaz,† which was an even bigger success. The highlight of Tupac’s acting career came when he appeared in â€Å"Poetic Juice† besides Janet Jackson. The role Jackson 2 made Tupac a household name and showed the world that music may not be Tupac’s number one thing. In the midst of a role in the movie â€Å"Above the Rim† and a Platinum album â€Å"Me against the world,† Tupac’s rising career was snagged. A woman he met at a nightclub brought him up on sexual assault charges. Hours before Tupac would be found guilty, men whose intent and purpose is still uncertain robbed Tupac at gunpoint. Tupac was eventually released at over $1 Million in bail. After his release, Tupac answered his critics by releasing his best album, â€Å"All eyes on me.† â€Å"All eyes on me† has currently sold around 6 Million copies, which is revolutionary for a double cd. Especially in Hip Hop music. As the album climbed the charts, ...

Free Essays on Position Paper

â€Å"Ethical Warfare† President George Bush once put forth, â€Å"Using military force makes sense as a policy where the stakes warrant, where and when force can be effective, where its application can be limited in scope and time, and where the potential benefits justify the potential costs and sacrifice.† (President George Bush, p.423) This criterion as Bush describes is nothing new. It has been traditionally known as international law. They are also part of what is known as just war theory. Some people have preferred the use of the phrase â€Å"justified war† instead of â€Å"just war† because they believe that in just war theory there is a presumption against the use of military force that must be overcome or should it? Just war theory can be traced all the way back to 400 A.D. by the writings of St. Augustine. He was concerned about how to reconcile traditional Christian views of the immorality of violence with the necessity of defending the Roman Empire from invading forces. He asked â€Å"what one should do if one sees an individual attacking an innocent, defenseless victim? His response was that â€Å"one should intervene and do whatever is necessary to protect the victim, even up to the point of killing the aggressor.† (St. Augustine, p. 424) We know of this theory today by The Hague and Geneva conventions. Remember, also that human beings have been fighting each other since prehistoric times. But is war really bad? The ethics of war starts by assuming that yes, war is bad, and it should be avoided whenever possible, but it recognizes that there can be situations when war may be lesser evil of several bad choices. War itself is bad but when justified it serves a purpose to protect the life of human individuals. Although war itself can be backed by a number of ethical theories, ethical egoism sort of stands back and says, yeah if I was in charge on the United States, of course I am going to act the way I ought to ... Free Essays on Position Paper Free Essays on Position Paper â€Å"Ethical Warfare† President George Bush once put forth, â€Å"Using military force makes sense as a policy where the stakes warrant, where and when force can be effective, where its application can be limited in scope and time, and where the potential benefits justify the potential costs and sacrifice.† (President George Bush, p.423) This criterion as Bush describes is nothing new. It has been traditionally known as international law. They are also part of what is known as just war theory. Some people have preferred the use of the phrase â€Å"justified war† instead of â€Å"just war† because they believe that in just war theory there is a presumption against the use of military force that must be overcome or should it? Just war theory can be traced all the way back to 400 A.D. by the writings of St. Augustine. He was concerned about how to reconcile traditional Christian views of the immorality of violence with the necessity of defending the Roman Empire from invading forces. He asked â€Å"what one should do if one sees an individual attacking an innocent, defenseless victim? His response was that â€Å"one should intervene and do whatever is necessary to protect the victim, even up to the point of killing the aggressor.† (St. Augustine, p. 424) We know of this theory today by The Hague and Geneva conventions. Remember, also that human beings have been fighting each other since prehistoric times. But is war really bad? The ethics of war starts by assuming that yes, war is bad, and it should be avoided whenever possible, but it recognizes that there can be situations when war may be lesser evil of several bad choices. War itself is bad but when justified it serves a purpose to protect the life of human individuals. Although war itself can be backed by a number of ethical theories, ethical egoism sort of stands back and says, yeah if I was in charge on the United States, of course I am going to act the way I ought to ... Free Essays on Position Paper In today’s society, there is a controversial debate on whether the outcome of the contact between the Europeans and the Native Americans was a positive or a negative outcome. Some people will argue that there were many benefits and others will argue that there has been a lot of pain and suffering since the contact. There is a hand full of evidence to support both sides of the situation. Most arguments are very strong, but like most situations, there are always two sides to a story. The history behind this topic is so controversial because there is not one person, still living today, that can speak from first hand experience. Today, many people are now questioning the elementary school perception of Christopher Columbus and his voyages. In the year of 1492, Christopher Columbus, along with a crew of Spaniards, sailed across the Atlantic Ocean, discovering many different lands. Some of the first areas he landed on were the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. The dominant people on these islands were the Taino Indians. The Tainos were very friendly and welcomed the Spanish with open arms. The Spanish traded material that wasn’t worth anything for gold and jewelry. The Spanish used the Tainos to gain their knowledge and then executed them. The effect of the contact between the Native Americans, such as the Taino Indians, and the Spanish was a negative outcome because today, the population of indigenous people is very low, their culture and traditions were stolen and used by others, and people, that are not rightful owners, are using their land. There are many positive arguments related to this topic. Although, the Spanish did kill a lot of Native Americans, the decline in population had a lot to do with tribal enemies. Evidence has also shown that a large quantity of Native Americans, during that time period, committed suicide. Another argument is that other nations were going to conquer these lands anyway. Today...

Strategic analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic analysis - Essay Example Sony has used the following 5 successful methods in managing its strategies. 1. Customer satisfaction Planning also entails knowledge of customer’s lifestyle. Lifestyle is important when designing the type of products to sell to consumers in different regions. Sony uses different measures in ensuring all customers receive quality products and services through Voice of Customer (VOC), Customer Satisfaction (CSAT), and Net Promoter Score (NPS) methods. The processes range from communicating to the prospective markets about the services offered and getting the target customer interested, approaching them and presenting on what the business offers, answering questions and handling customer objections, making sales and providing after sale service. Organizations need to understand the importance of measuring customer satisfaction for ever activity in by considering both the internal and external customers. The customer satisfaction strategy has enabled Sony become one of the most e lectronic competitive company globally by winning a lot of consumers. 2. Analyzing the competitors Sony Corporation faces stiff competition from other major companies in the same industry. The company management has introduced new approaches of analyzing their competitors through implementing various strategies like competitive strategy, and innovation strategy. By learning from their competitors, Sony Corporation has introduced new ideas that aid in market entry and more customer attraction. 3. Creativity The marketing design is highly essential in an organization since it is the fundamental to successful implementation of strategies and achievement of objectives. Multinational business analysis, on the other hand, outlines the potentiality of the business to gain from the market participation. The analysis incorporates strategic levers such as marketing, location and product, and organization analysis such as culture, people, management and structure. Sony becomes creativity by in troducing new products in the market that competitors have never thought of introducing. For instance, Sony Corporation introduced the first plasma TV into the market, Bravia that attracted the attention of many customers (Shin, 2003). 4. Keeping detailed records Sony finance and accounting departments ensure that the company maintains all the crucial information regarding every transaction taking place. A successful business must keep all its records in a secure place for future references. Maintenance of company records gives an organization time to create business strategies that assist in overcoming obstacles that hinder the success of an organization (Constanzo & MacKay, 2008). Record keeping occurs through updated financial statements and accounting details. 5. Consistency Sony Corporation ensures consistence in all its operations. All businesses need to know their target targets behavior and buying attitudes and needs while formulating their analysis strategies. Organizationa l strategy analysis assists in determining what exactly the customers expect to get when they purchase goods or services. It is easier to satisfy and delight customers when their true and perceived needs are known than when they are unknown. In achieving the above, good, competitive, innovation and value chain strategies developed aim at achieving the set goals and missions. A big organization like Sony should implement

International Relations Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Relations Theories - Essay Example In fact, for realists the desire to maximize state interest within a situation of global anarchy is the most crucial component required in the understanding of political actors and state behavior. First and foremost it is important to remember that state interest operates within an anarchic environment.The international system is inherently unstable and is aptly characterized by widespread anarchy. Due to the absence of a suprastate or overarching Leviathan authority, states are placed in inevitable and perpetual competition, described as the security dilemma. Because of the anarchic nature of international affairs, states are perpetually concerned with their survival. For realists, the international system is a â€Å"dog-eat-dog world† and ensuring survival is paramount for any and all states. According to Hans Morgenthau, pioneering German political scientist and an early proponent of realist thought, due to the inherent instability of the international system, the fundament al national interest of all states is to â€Å"protect [its] physical, political, and cultural identity against encroachments by other nations† (Morgenthau, 1952, 67). Specifically, threats to states are determined by their relative power vis-à  -vis one others in the international system. The structure of the system – the distribution of power and capabilities state wide - is important because threats or challenges facing a state which affront the national interest should be â€Å"calculated according to the situation in which the state finds itself† (Waltz, 1979, 77).